ABSTRACT Several drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over the last decades, most patients requiring pharmacological intervention were offered antiresorptive drugs as first-line therapy, while anabolic agents were considered a last resource for those with therapeutic failure. However, recent randomized trials in patients with severe osteoporosis have shown that anabolic agents reduce fractures to a greater extent than antiresorptive medications. Additionally, evidence indicates that increases in bone mineral density (BMD) are maximized when patients are treated with anabolic agents first, followed by antiresorptive therapy. This evidence is key, considering that greater increases in BMD during osteoporosis treatment are associated with a more pronounced reduction in fracture risk. Thus, international guidelines have recently proposed an individualized approach to osteoporosis treatment based on fracture risk stratification, in which the stratification risk has been refined to include a category of patients at very high risk of fracture who should be managed with anabolic agents as first-line therapy. In this document, the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism propose the definition of very high risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women, for whom anabolic agents should be considered as first-line therapy. This document also reviews the factors associated with increased fracture risk, trials comparing anabolic versus antiresorptive agents, efficacy of anabolic agents in patients who are treatment naïve versus those previously treated with antiresorptive agents, and safety of anabolic agents.

Abstract Energy metabolism is a point of integration among the various organs and tissues of the human body, not only in terms of consumption of energy substrates but also because it concentrates a wide interconnected network controlled by endocrine factors. Thus, not only do tissues consume substrates, but they also participate in modulating energy metabolism. Soft mesenchymal tissues, in particular, play a key role in this process. The recognition that high energy consumption is involved in bone remodeling has been accompanied by evidence showing that osteoblasts and osteocytes produce factors that influence, for example, insulin sensitivity and appetite. Additionally, there are significant interactions between muscle, adipose, and bone tissues to control mutual tissue trophism. Not by chance, trophic and functional changes in these tissues go hand in hand from the beginning of an individual’s development until aging. Likewise, metabolic and nutritional diseases deeply affect the musculoskeletal system and adipose tissue. The present narrative review highlights the importance of the interaction of the mesenchymal tissues for bone development and maintenance and the impact on bone from diseases marked by functional and trophic disorders of adipose and muscle tissues. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2022;66(5):611-20

Abstract Objective: To review the technical aspects of body composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other methods based on the most recent scientific evidence. Materials and methods: This Official Position is a result of efforts by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and health care professionals with expertise in body composition assessment who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications. In this first part of the Official Position, the authors discuss the different methods and parameters used for body composition assessment, general principles of DXA, and aspects of the acquisition and analysis of DXA scans. Conclusion: Considering aspects of accuracy, precision, cost, duration, and ability to evaluate all three compartments, DXA is considered the gold-standard method for body composition assessment, particularly for the evaluation of fat mass. In order to ensure reliable, adequate, and reproducible DXA reports, great attention is required regarding quality control procedures, preparation, removal of external artifacts, imaging acquisition, and data analysis and interpretation.

SUMMARY The occurrence of fractures in young individuals is frequently overlooked by physicians, especially when associated with exercise or trauma. Nevertheless, multiple fractures should always be investigated since underlying conditions can predispose to such events. We describe here the case of a young, healthy woman who sustained multiple fractures in the lower limbs, which were initially considered to be “stress fractures”. Further investigation, including a panel of genes associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, revealed that the patient is a heterozygous carrier of a SERPINF1 variant. According to criteria recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology, this variant is classified as likely benign (PM2, PP3, PP4, BP1, and BP4). The patient's mother and brother were also asymptomatic carriers of the variant and had sustained previous minor fractures. The patient had normal biochemical profile and bone density. This condition has been rarely described and is not associated with low bone mineral density or altered bone turnover markers. This case highlights the importance of investigating multiple fractures in young patients who are otherwise healthy since these may be a warning sign of rare genetic conditions associated with fragility fractures.

OBJECTIVE: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived bone mineral density (BMD) often fails to predict fragility fractures. Quantitative textural analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may potentially yield useful radiomic features to predict fractures. We aimed to investigate the correlation between BMD and texture attributes (TAs) extracted from MRI scans and the interobserver reproducibility of the analysis. METHODS: Forty-nine volunteers underwent lumbar spine 1.5-T MRI and DXA. Three-dimensional (3-D) gray-level co-occurrence matrices were measured from routine sagittal T2 fast spin-echo images using the IBEX software. Twenty-two TAs were extracted from 3-D segmented L3 vertebrae. The estimated concordance coefficient was calculated using linear regression analysis. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between BMD and the TAs. Interobserver reproducibility was assessed with the concordance coefficient described by Lin. RESULTS: The results revealed a fair-to-moderate significant correlation between BMD and 13 TAs (r=−0.20 to 0.39; p<0.05). Eight TAs (autocorrelation, energy, homogeneity 1, homogeneity 1.1, maximum probability, sum average, sum variance, and inverse difference normalized) negatively correlated with BMD (r=−0.20 to −0.38; p<0.05), whereas five TAs (dissimilarity, difference entropy, entropy, sum entropy, and information measure corr 1) positively correlated with BMD (r=0.29-0.39; p<0.05). The interobserver agreement was almost perfect for all significant TAs (95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.00; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Specific TAs could be reliably extracted from routine MRI and correlated with BMD. Our results encourage future evaluation of the potential usefulness of quantitative texture measurements from MRI scans for predicting fragility fractures.

ABSTRACT Objective To present an update on the diagnosis and treatment of hypoparathyroidism based on the most recent scientific evidence. Materials and methods The Department of Bone and Mineral Metabolism of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (SBEM; Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism) was invited to prepare a document following the rules set by the Guidelines Program of the Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB; Brazilian Medical Association). Relevant papers were retrieved from the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO, and the evidence derived from each article was classified into recommendation levels according to scientific strength and study type. Conclusion An update on the recent scientific literature addressing hypoparathyroidism is presented to serve as a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in Brazil.

RESUMO: Introdução: A síndrome da lipodistrofia do HIV é caracterizada por alterações no metabolismo e na composição corporal, que aumentam o risco cardiovascular de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) em uso da terapia antirretroviral de alta potência (TARV). Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de lipodistrofia e de alterações do metabolismo de lipídios e glicose em PVHA em uso da TARV. Métodos: Para avaliação antropométrica foram aferidos peso, estatura e circunferência abdominal (CA). Para avaliação da lipodistrofia foi realizado o exame físico (subjetivo) e o exame (objetivo) de absortometria com raios X de dupla energia (DEXA) por meio da razão de massa gorda (RMG). Foram também realizados exames de lipidograma e glicemia de jejum e utilizados os critérios sugeridos pelo The National Cholesterol Education Program III para classificação de alterações metabólicas. Resultados: A amostra final consistiu em 262 pacientes com idade média de 44,3 ± 10,2 anos. A lipodistrofia, de acordo com o exame físico, esteve presente em 47,7% (IC95% 41,7 - 53,8) dos pacientes, enquanto pela RMG (DEXA) sua prevalência foi de 40,8% (IC95% 33,1 - 48,5). A maioria (53,0%; IC95% 47,0 - 59,1) dos pacientes apresentou aumento de adiposidade abdominal segundo a CA. As alterações metabólicas mais presentes foram o HDL reduzido (67,6%; IC95% 61,9 - 73,2) e a hipertrigliceridemia (55,7%; IC95% 49,7 - 61,7). Conclusões: A alta prevalência de lipodistrofia e alterações do metabolismo de lipídios e glicose evidenciam a importância da intervenção precoce nesse grupo de pacientes para prevenir complicações cardiovasculares.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The HIV lipodystrophy syndrome is characterized by changes in metabolism, and body composition that increase cardiovascular risk of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Objective: To assess the prevalence of lipodystrophy and changes in lipid and glucose metabolism in PLWHA in use of HAART. Methods: For the anthropometric evaluation we measured weight, height and abdominal circumference (AC). For the lipodystrophy evaluation we conducted physical examination (subjective) and the (objective) examination of absorptiometry with X-ray dual energy (DEXA) by fat mass ratio (FMR). We also conducted lipid profile tests and fasting glucose and used the criteria suggested by The National Cholesterol Education Program III for metabolic disorders classification. Results: The final sample consisted of 262 patients with a mean age of 44.3 ± 10.2 years. Lipodystrophy, according to the physical examination, was present in 47.7% (95%CI 41.7 - 53.8) of patients, while the prevalence using FMR (DEXA) was 40.8% (95%CI 33.1 - 48.5). Most (53.0%; 95%CI 47.0 - 59.1) of the patients showed increased abdominal adiposity according to AC. The most prevalent metabolic alterations were reduced HDL (67.6%; 95%CI 61.9 - 73.2) and hypertriglyceridemia (55.7%; 95%CI 49.7 - 61.7). Conclusion: The high prevalence of lipodystrophy and changes in lipid and glucose metabolism show the importance of early intervention in this group of patients to prevent cardiovascular complications.

RESUMO: Introdução: A síndrome da lipodistrofia do HIV é caracterizada por alterações no metabolismo e na composição corporal, que aumentam o risco cardiovascular de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) em uso da terapia antirretroviral de alta potência (TARV). Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de lipodistrofia e de alterações do metabolismo de lipídios e glicose em PVHA em uso da TARV. Métodos: Para avaliação antropométrica foram aferidos peso, estatura e circunferência abdominal (CA). Para avaliação da lipodistrofia foi realizado o exame físico (subjetivo) e o exame (objetivo) de absortometria com raios X de dupla energia (DEXA) por meio da razão de massa gorda (RMG). Foram também realizados exames de lipidograma e glicemia de jejum e utilizados os critérios sugeridos pelo The National Cholesterol Education Program III para classificação de alterações metabólicas. Resultados: A amostra final consistiu em 262 pacientes com idade média de 44,3 ± 10,2 anos. A lipodistrofia, de acordo com o exame físico, esteve presente em 47,7% (IC95% 41,7 - 53,8) dos pacientes, enquanto pela RMG (DEXA) sua prevalência foi de 40,8% (IC95% 33,1 - 48,5). A maioria (53,0%; IC95% 47,0 - 59,1) dos pacientes apresentou aumento de adiposidade abdominal segundo a CA. As alterações metabólicas mais presentes foram o HDL reduzido (67,6%; IC95% 61,9 - 73,2) e a hipertrigliceridemia (55,7%; IC95% 49,7 - 61,7). Conclusões: A alta prevalência de lipodistrofia e alterações do metabolismo de lipídios e glicose evidenciam a importância da intervenção precoce nesse grupo de pacientes para prevenir complicações cardiovasculares.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The HIV lipodystrophy syndrome is characterized by changes in metabolism, and body composition that increase cardiovascular risk of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Objective: To assess the prevalence of lipodystrophy and changes in lipid and glucose metabolism in PLWHA in use of HAART. Methods: For the anthropometric evaluation we measured weight, height and abdominal circumference (AC). For the lipodystrophy evaluation we conducted physical examination (subjective) and the (objective) examination of absorptiometry with X-ray dual energy (DEXA) by fat mass ratio (FMR). We also conducted lipid profile tests and fasting glucose and used the criteria suggested by The National Cholesterol Education Program III for metabolic disorders classification. Results: The final sample consisted of 262 patients with a mean age of 44.3 ± 10.2 years. Lipodystrophy, according to the physical examination, was present in 47.7% (95%CI 41.7 - 53.8) of patients, while the prevalence using FMR (DEXA) was 40.8% (95%CI 33.1 - 48.5). Most (53.0%; 95%CI 47.0 - 59.1) of the patients showed increased abdominal adiposity according to AC. The most prevalent metabolic alterations were reduced HDL (67.6%; 95%CI 61.9 - 73.2) and hypertriglyceridemia (55.7%; 95%CI 49.7 - 61.7). Conclusion: The high prevalence of lipodystrophy and changes in lipid and glucose metabolism show the importance of early intervention in this group of patients to prevent cardiovascular complications.

Resumo Objetivos Estimar a prevalência de hipovitaminose D, hipertensão arterial, e níveis séricos de glicose e perfil lipídico em uma comunidade de mulheres de Ribeirão Preto, no Sudeste brasileiro. Métodos Estudo transversal com mulheres de 40 a 70 anos de idade, submetidas a um questionário para determinar ingestão diária de cálcio e nível de exposição solar, e coleta de sangue para determinar glicose, perfil lipídico e concentração de 25- hidroxivitamina D (25[OH]D). Resultados Noventa e uma mulheres foram incluídas (idade = 54,2 ± 7,1 anos). O nível sérico médio de 25(OH)D foi 25,7 ± 8,9 ng/mL. Um total de 24 (26,4%) mulheres teve níveis de 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL. Setenta mulheres (76.9%) tiveram níveis de 25 (OH)D < 30 ng/mL. Setenta e uma mulheres (90.4%) tiveram uma ingesta inadequada de cálcio e 61 mulheres (67%) tiveram exposição solar adequada; 49 das quais (80.3%) tiveram níveis séricos de 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL. Conclusão Este estudo indica que mesmo morando em uma cidade com exposição solar adequada, níveis séricos de 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL dificilmente são atingidos por mulheres climatéricas. Logo, é provável que outros fatores intrínsecos podem regular o nível de vitamina D.

Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, altered arterial blood pressure, and serum levels of glucose and lipids in community-dwelling women in the city of Ribeirão Preto, in the southeast of Brazil. Methods Thiswas a cross-sectional studyof women aged40-70years old.Calciumintake and level of sun exposure were assessed by means of a questionnaire. A blood sample was used to determine glucose, lipid profile and 25-hydroxyvitaminD(25[OH]D) concentration. Results Ninety-one women were enrolled (age = 54.2 ± 7.1 years). Themean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 25.7 ± 8.9 ng/mL. A total of 24 (26.4%) women had 25 (OH)D levels < 20 ng/mL. Seventy women (76.9%) had 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL. Seventy-five women (90.4%) had inadequate calcium intake, and 61 women (67%) had appropriate sun exposure, 49 of whom (80.3%) had serum 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL. Conclusion This study indicates that even in community-dwelling women, living in a city with high sun exposure, serum levels of 25(OH)D > 30 ng/ml are hardly reached. Thus, it is probable that other intrinsic factors besides sun exposure may regulate the levels of vitamin D.

Objective Bone loss has been established as a major extra-intestinal complication of short bowel syndrome (SBS). The purpose of this study was to correlate bone mineral density (BMD) with body mass index (BMI), serum vitamin and mineral levels in patients with SBS.Material and methods The study was conducted on 13 patients (8 male and 5 female, 54.7 ± 11.4 years) with SBS (residual small bowel length of 10 to 100 cm). We determined the food ingestion, anthropometry, serum levels of vitamins C, A, D, E and K, as well as serum and urinary levels of phosphorus and calcium. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).Results Osteopenia and osteoporosis was diagnosed in all but one SBS patient. Serum levels of vitamin D were low in all volunteers. Sixty-one percent of patients had vitamin E deficiency; hypovitaminosis A and C occurred in one subject. BMI and C, E and K vitamin serum levels correlated with T-score of BMD.Conclusions Osteopenia and osteoporosis were common in SBS patients. There was a correlation between BMD and the serum levels of vitamins C, E and K, an indicative that such vitamins may influence bone health. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(3):252-8

OBJETIVO: Frente à necessidade prática da utilização de equações para avaliar gasto energético em portadores do HIV, o presente estudo avaliou a concordância dos valores de gasto energético obtidos pelo padrão ouro de calorimetria indireta com equações preditivas desenvolvidas a partir de população saudável: Harris-Benedict, Schofield e Cunningham e equações desenvolvidas a partir de portadores do HIV: Melchior (1991 a 1993). MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, com 32 homens portadores do HIV em terapia antirretroviral de alta potência. O gasto energético de repouso foi medido por calometria indireta e estimado a partir de medida de consumo de O2 e produção de CO2. RESULTADOS: De acordo com análise estatística, a concordância foi fraca para equações de Harris-Benedict (0,38) e Cunningham (0,34) e satisfatória para Schofield (0,47). Apenas as duas equações de Melchior apresentaram forte concordância com valores obtidos por calometria indireta (respectivamente 0,63 e 0,66) e poderiam ser utilizadas na prática. CONCLUSÃO:: As melhores equações parecem ser população específica, como as de Melchior, desenvolvidas para portadores do HIV

OBJECTIVE: In view of the practical need to use equations for the evaluation of energy expenditure in HIV-infected patients, the objective of the present study was to determine the concordance between the energy expenditure values obtained by indirect calorimetry as the gold standard and those obtained by predictive equations elaborated from data for the healthy population: Harris-Benedict, Schofield and Cunningham, and by equations elaborated from data for HIV-infected patients: Melchior (1991-1993). METHODS: The study was conducted at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto on 32 HIV-infected men under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and estimated on the basis of measurement of O2 consumption and CO2 production. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed weak concordance for the Harris-Benedict (0.38) and Cunningham (0.34) equations and satisfactory concordance for the Schofield equation (0.47). Only the two Melchior equations (1991 and 1993) showed strong concordance with the values obtained by indirect calorimetry (0.63 and 0.66, respectively) and could be used in practice. CONCLUSION: The best equations seem to be population-specific, such as the Melchior equations elaborated for HIV-infected patients.

OBJETIVO: Analisar experimentalmente a influência do macheamento do orifício piloto nas propriedades mecânicas e na interface osso-implante do parafuso cervical anterior. MÉTODOS: Oito carneiros da raça Santa Inês deslanados foram utilizados no estudo. Nos segmentos vertebrais cervicais de C2-C7 foram realizados orifícios piloto de 2,5mm, de ambos os lados da vértebra. No lado direto da vértebra foi realizado o macheamento previamente a inserção do parafuso cortical de 3,5mm, e no lado esquerdo o implante foi colocado sem o macheamento do orifício piloto. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos para avaliar a força de arrancamento dos implantes e estudo histomorfométrico da interface osso-implante na fase aguda e oito semanas após a colocação dos implantes. O torque de inserção foi mensurado durante a colocação dos implantes. RESULTADOS: O torque de inserção e a resistência ao arrancamento dos implantes foram maiores nos implantes colocados sem o macheamento do orifício piloto. A interface osso-implante apresentou maior área de contato ósseo e maior área óssea no interior da rosca do implante nos parafusos implantados sem o macheamento prévio. Não foi observado diferença na área óssea fora do passo de rosca do implante. CONCLUSÕES: O macheamento do orifício piloto reduz o torque de inserção e a resistência ao arrancamento do implante na fase aguda e crônica, e reduz a área de contato osso-implante e área de osso no interior do passo de rosca.

OBJECTIVE: Experimentally analyze the influence of the pilot hole tapping on the mechanical properties and the bone-implant interface of anterior cervical screw. METHODS: Eight shorn Santa Inês sheep were used in the study. In cervical segments C2-C7 of the column 2.5mm pilot holes were made on both sides of the vertebra. On the right side of the vertebra tapping was done before the insertion of the cortical screw of 3.5mm, and on the left side the implant was placed without tapping the pilot hole. Mechanical assays were performed to assess the strength of pullout as well as a histomorphometric study of bone-implant interface during the acute phase and eight weeks after implant placement. The insertion torque was measured during implant placement. RESULTS: The insertion torque and pullout strength were higher for implants placed without tapping the pilot hole. The bone-implant interface showed greater area of bone contact and greater bone area within the implant thread on the screws implanted without prior tapping. No differences were observed in the bone outside the thread pitch of the implant. CONCLUSIONS: Tapping the pilot hole reduces insertion torque and pullout strength of the implant in both acute and chronic phases, and reduces the area of bone-implant contact and the bone area within the thread pitch.

OBJETIVO: Para estudiar experimentalmente la influencia del taladramiento del agujero piloto sobre las propiedades mecánicas y la interfaz hueso-implante del tornillo cervical anterior. MÉTODOS: Ocho ovejas Santa Ines fueron utilizadas en el estudio. En los segmentos vertebrales cervicales C2-C7 se hicieron agujeros pilotos de 2,5 mm en ambos lados de la vértebra. En el lado derecho de la vértebra el taladramiento se hizo antes de la inserción del tornillo cortical de 3,5 mm, y en el lado izquierdo el implante fue colocado sin el taladramiento del agujero piloto. Se realizaron ensayos mecánicos para evaluar la fuerza de retirada y el estudio histomorfométrico de la interfase hueso-implante en la fase aguda y ocho semanas después de la colocación del implante. El torque de inserción se midió durante la colocación del implante. RESULTADOS: La fuerza de torsión de la inserción y la resistencia a la extracción fueron más altas en los implantes colocados sin el taladramiento del agujero piloto. La interfaz hueso-implante presentó mayor área de contacto con el hueso y mayor área de hueso dentro de la rosca del implante en los tornillos implantados sin taladramiento previo. No se observaron diferencias en el hueso fuera del paso de la rosca del implante. CONCLUSIONES: El taladramiento del agujero piloto reduce el par de torsión de inserción y la resistencia a la extracción del implante en las fases aguda y crónica, y reduce el área de contacto hueso-implante y el área ósea en el interior del paso de la rosca.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação do estado nutricional com a força muscular de preensão manual e a densidade mineral óssea em idosos do sexo masculino. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 41 idosos do sexo masculino, sendo 20 eutróficos (peso: M=69,6, DP=8,4; índice de massa corporal: M=25,7, DP=2,2) e 21 desnutridos (peso: M=50,9, DP=6,1; índice de massa corporal: M=18,7, DP=1,8), classificados subjetivamente segundo a Mini Avaliação Nutricional. A avaliação antropométrica incluiu peso corporal, altura, circunferência do braço e da panturrilha. A composição corporal foi avaliada pelo método de absorciometria por dupla emissão de Raios X, e a ocorrência de osteoporose foi definida de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. A força muscular foi avaliada pelo dinamômetro de mão. RESULTADOS: O grupo desnutrido apresentou valores expressivamente menores dos parâmetros antropométricos e de com-posição corporal em relação ao grupo eutrófico (p<0,005). Além disso, a ocorrência de osteoporose foi signifi-cativamente maior (p<0,01) no grupo desnutrido em todas as regiões estudadas: colo do fêmur, quadril total e coluna. A força muscular de preensão manual dos idosos desnutridos foi significativamente menor que a dos idosos eutróficos (M=23,1, DP=6,8 e M=30,3, DP=8,4, respectivamente; p<0,005). CONCLUSÃO: A desnutrição está associada à menor força muscular e à diminuição da densidade mineral óssea em idosos do sexo masculino.

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the possible association of nutritional status with handgrip strength and bone mineral density in elderly men. METHOODS: The study included 41 elderly males of which 20 were well-nourished (weight: M=69.6, SD=8.4kg; BMI: M=25.7, SD=2.2) and 21 were malnourished (weight: M=50.9, SD=6.1kg; BMI: M=18.7, SD=1.8). They were subjectivity classified by the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height and arm and calf circumferences. Body composition was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and presence of osteoporosis was determined according to the World Health Organization's criteria. Muscle strength was assessed by a handheld dynamometer. RESULTS: The malnourished group presented significantly lower anthropometric and body composition measurements than the well-nourished group (p<0.005). Furthermore, the occurrence of osteoporosis was significantly higher (p<0.01) among malnourished individuals in all studied body areas: femoral neck, total hip and spine. The handgrip strength of malnourished individuals was significantly lower than that of well-nourished individuals (M=23.1, SD=6.8 and M=30.3, SD=8.4, respectively; p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition is associated with lower muscle strength and low bone mineral density in elderly men.